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If you plan basement construction in an area that has clay in the soil, you need to take precautions to avoid structural damage to your home. So here are a couple tips to consider before you start basement construction in clay soils.
Before you start basement construction you need to know what type of soil you are building on. The U.S. Department of Agriculture has soil information on most of the United States. Soil testing can also be done so you will know what you are working with. Another important step is to make sure the ground is compacted. Failing to compact the ground properly can also lead to trouble in the future.
Expansive clay soils, such as bentonite and montmorillonite, can cause structural damage to basements and home foundations when proper precautions aren't taken during construction. When deciding to build a basement in an area that has clay soil you need keep in mind the nature of the soil that you plan to build on. Clay holds moisture and as the seasons change the amount of moisture in the soil also changes.
If you build on clay when it is holding large amounts of moisture, you can have your basement sink as the moisture content of the soil decreases. If you build while the moisture content is low, your basement may be pushed up when the moisture content increases. This can end up causing structural cracks. There are several ways to deal with the seasonal changes in the moisture content in clay when you are constructing a basement.
Before putting in the basement, you need to be building on stable ground. With clay in particular, it is important to make sure you have the ground compacted properly so you do not end up with the ground shifting under the weight of your home. It is possible to treat the soil with a lime mixture to increase stability and control swelling. This is done by removing a layer of the soil and adding several trenches under the area you want to construct your basement or foundation. Once you have the trenches in place you fill them with a lime mixture. This treatment adds about a month on the time you are going to need for construction.
Basements that are built in clay soil need to be able to breathe or move up and down slightly with the ground water in the soil. concrete floors are not attached to the concrete foundation so that this movement doesn't cause structural damage. To allow for this movement, all internal walls in the basement need to be "floating walls" or raised walls. Floating walls are suspended from the first floor and have a gap between the wall and the concrete floor slab. When you build in some areas you are actually required to use floating walls in basement construction. When you obtain your building permit you need to find out of this is a requirement for your area.
When basement construction includes plumbing, a reverse of this floating wall process is required. The floating walls are attached to the floor to create a solid base and the space is at the top of the wall in these cases. Expansion joints and flex lines are used for basement plumbing when working in clay soil to allow for the natural movement with ground moisture changes. Space must be left for pipes to reduce the risk of pipe breakage.
U.S. Department of Agriculture
http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov/app/
Carpet water damage can be quite substantial if you have a wet basement. The repairs required can become quite expensive as well, but a sump pump can make a big difference toward drying things out.
If your basement or cellar has standing water, you have a serious problem and need to take action immediately. The sump pump can be permanently or temporarily installed to remove a great deal of the water. Some basements seem to almost have a spring running inside and the pump runs off and on all day and night long. Without the pump, the entire basement becomes unusable and a breeding ground for mold spores.
If you have a great deal of water and the sump pump is going to be permanently installed, make sure you buy the best you can afford. If it is submerged in water, it only stands to reason that it will have to be high quality.
Any carpet in such an environment will be damaged beyond repair. If it is left in place, you can be sure that mold and mildew will grow and thrive. The only solution for such a damaged carpet is to throw it out and burn or bury it.
There are numerous products on the market to salvage a water damaged carpet, and there are some homemade solutions that also work well. These all are best for minor cases and can damage the carpet even further.
If your basement is wet, you first need to discover the cause of the leaking water. In many cases, it comes from poor outside drainage. This can be remedied by installing French Drains in many cases. This is not particularly difficult, but is a lot of work and must be done correctly, otherwise you can make the problem even worse.
In severe cases, the foundation will have to be repaired. This is much more extensive and expensive as well. The soil next to the foundation must be dug up so that work can be done on the foundation and walls.
There are diverting boards available that re-route the water away from the house and drain everything off. You can also waterproof the walls with various compounds that seal the cement or block. If the walls or foundation have cracks, these can be repaired.
All in all, it is probably a better idea to use a high quality basement floor paint, rather than a carpet. Once the floor damage is taken care of and the area is dry, you can paint it. This has the advantage of further sealing the floor, as well as preventing more mold and mildew from growing.
You can then use rugs to cover the floor, instead of a carpet. The rugs are much easier to clean and dry out in the event that they become wet.